Enhancements to wireless networks to support short message service (sms) communication in the packet switched domain

ABSTRACT

Technology for a mobile station (MS) operable to communicate with a packet switched (PS) based short messaging service (SMS) in a wireless network is disclosed. The MS can process a request message for transmission to a serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN). The request message can include an information element (IE) that indicates whether the MS is configured to support the PS based SMS. The MS can process an accept message received from the SGSN. The accept message can include an IE that indicates whether SMS via GPRS is supported by the wireless network.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/259,423, filed Apr. 23, 2014 with a docket number of P45375C, whichis a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/631,379, filedSep. 28, 2012 with a docket number of P45375, which claims the benefitof U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/621,939, filed Apr.9, 2012, with an attorney docket number of P44666Z, all of which arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

As the use of mobile wireless devices, such as smart phones and tabletdevices, becomes more ubiquitous, the demands on the limited amount ofradio frequency spectrum used by those devices also increases, resultingin wireless network congestion in the licensed spectrum. In addition,the increased use of high bandwidth applications such as audio and videostreaming can increase demands beyond the capability of the availablespectrum. This is especially true in high density and high use locationssuch as large cities and universities. One projection estimates a growthof 20 times in mobile internet traffic from 2010 to 2015.

Improvements in wireless architectures, hardware design, and processorspeed have significantly increased the efficiency of wireless devices intheir use of the available spectrum. However, certain legacy aspectsfrom previous generations of wireless network specifications continue toreduce the potential efficiency of modern wireless architectures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedetailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example,features of the invention; and, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)Logical Architecture when based on the S4, S5, and S8 interfaces;

FIG. 2 illustrates an a Mobility Management Entity (MME) architectureconfigured to provide packet switched (PS) Short Message Service (SMS)communications in accordance with an example;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an Attach Request message illustratedin a table format with an Additional Update Type Information Element(IE) in accordance with an example;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an Routing Area Update (RAU) Requestmessage illustrated in a table format with an Additional Update TypeInformation Element (IE) in accordance with an example;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an Attach Accept message illustrated ina table format with an Extended Network Feature Support InformationElement (IE) in accordance with an example;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an Routing Area Update Accept messageillustrated in a table format with an Extended Network Feature SupportInformation Element (IE) in accordance with an example;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)mobility management (GMM) Cause Information Element with a new causecode in accordance with an example;

FIG. 8 depicts a flow chart of a method for performing Packet Service(PS) only service provisioning in a wireless network in accordance withan example;

FIG. 9 depicts a flow chart of a method for adapting a wireless networkfor PS communication of a short message service (SMS) message inaccordance with an example; and

FIG. 10 illustrates a mobile wireless device in accordance with anexample.

Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, andspecific language will be used herein to describe the same. It willnevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of theinvention is thereby intended.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the present invention is disclosed and described, it is to beunderstood that this invention is not limited to the particularstructures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but isextended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by thoseordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understoodthat terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describingparticular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

Definitions

As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the complete ornearly complete extent or degree of an action, characteristic, property,state, structure, item, or result. For example, an object that is“substantially” enclosed would mean that the object is either completelyenclosed or nearly completely enclosed. The exact allowable degree ofdeviation from absolute completeness may in some cases depend on thespecific context. However, generally speaking the nearness of completionwill be so as to have the same overall result as if absolute and totalcompletion were obtained. The use of “substantially” is equallyapplicable when used in a negative connotation to refer to the completeor near complete lack of an action, characteristic, property, state,structure, item, or result.

As used herein, the term “Core Network (CN) control node” is a genericterm that refers to either a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or aServing GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node (SGSN).

As used herein, the term User Equipment (UE) refers to a wireless deviceconfigured to communicate with a Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) wireless network.

As used herein, the term mobile station (MS) refers to a wireless deviceconfigured to communicate with a Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) wireless network. The terms UE and MS are considered to besynonymous and may be used interchangeably throughout this document,unless otherwise noted.

Additional definitions may be provided in the proceeding paragraphs inthe example embodiments.

Example Embodiments

An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided below and thenspecific technology embodiments are described in further detail later.This initial summary is intended to aid readers in understanding thetechnology more quickly but is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the technology nor is it intended to limit thescope of the claimed subject matter.

An exponential increase in the amount of wireless data transmission hascreated congestion in wireless networks using licensed spectrum toprovide wireless communication services for wireless devices such assmart phones and tablet devices, to name a few. The congestion isespecially apparent in high density and high use locations such as urbanlocations and universities.

One technique for providing additional bandwidth capacity to wirelessdevices is through the transformation of wireless networks from circuitswitching to packet switching. In circuit switching, wirelesscommunication involves using a limited number of dedicated connectionsthat typically have a constant bit rate and a constant delay between thewireless nodes. These dedicated connections may be open even if no datais being transmitted by a wireless device. This can lead toinefficiencies in the use of radio frequency spectrum.

In contrast with circuit switching, packet switching involves groupingdata that is to be transmitted, regardless of the data's content, type,or structure, into blocks referred to as packets. Packet switchingprovides the ability to deliver variable bit rate data streams over ashared network. Packets can be buffered or queued at network adapters,switches, routers, or other network nodes, thereby enabling packets tobe delivered with variable delay and throughput depending on the trafficload in the network. The use of packet switching improves the ability ofa wireless network to provide a desired Quality of Service (QoS) in awireless network. In addition, the use of packet switching cansignificantly improve the efficiency in which data is transmitted,resulting in lower costs for consumers and more efficient use of thecrowded radio frequency spectrum.

As wireless communication standards have continued to develop, the useof packet switching has become more and more prevalent. However, certainlegacies from earlier standards still remain in even the most modernwireless communication standards. One such legacy is the use of circuitswitching to communicate Short Message Service (SMS) communicationsbetween wireless devices configured to operate with the Third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification.

Short Message Service communications, which are typically referred to as“text messaging” is a communications protocol that enables theinterchange of a text message of up to 160 characters in length betweenmobile devices. Messages are sent to a Short Message Service Centre(SMSC) where they can be stored until the destination wireless device isactive. Once the destination wireless device is connected to a wirelessnetwork, the SMS message can be communicated from the SMSC to thewireless device.

Releases 8, 9, 10 and 11 (Stage 2 freeze in September, 2012) of the 3GPPLTE specification still use circuit switching (CS) to provide SMScommunications. The communication of SMS is one of the last vestiges ofCS in the 3GPP network. In order to provide SMS communication using CS,a user equipment (UE) typically has to connect with a Mobile SwitchingCenter (MSC). The MSC provides an interface between the radio system andthe fixed networks. The MSC can perform desired functions in order toprovide CS services to and from the UE. Thus, user equipment (UEs) oftenconnect to an MSC. This connection can result in excessive overhead, aswell as the use of unnecessary dedicated wireless connections.

To overcome this limitation, the advent of SMS communication usingpacket switching (PS) in the 3GPP network can be implemented. Theimplementation of PS based SMS can be accomplished in different waysdepending on the age and/or architecture of the wireless network.

Modern 3GPP LTE based networks can implement PS based SMS communicationusing the network's Mobility Management Entity (MME). The MME is thecontrol node that processes the signaling between the UE and the CoreNetwork (CN). The MME can provide Visitor Location Register (VLR)functionality for an Evolved Packet System (EPS). This will be discussedmore fully in the proceeding paragraphs.

Older wireless networks can include an assortment of old and newwireless networking equipment. The wireless networking equipment isoften generally referred to based on the “generation” to which theequipment belongs, according to the equipment's age and capabilities.For example, wireless networking equipment may be designated based onthe “generation” to which the equipment belongs, such as 2G, 2.5G, 3G,or 4G. Networks that include an assortment of different generations caninclude a Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node(SGSN).

GPRS is a mobile data service extension to the Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM). GSM is a 2G system. GPRS is often described as a2.5G system. The SGSN acts as the control node, similar to the MME in 4Gsystems. The SGSN is the interface between the radio system and thefixed network for Packet Switched (PS) services. The SGSN can performthe functions to handle packet transmission to and from the UE. The SGSNcan be used to provide PS based SMS, thereby eliminating the need for aUE to connect to an MSC merely for SMS communication in a 2.5G or 3Gwireless network.

As UEs move through different networks, the capability of each networkcan vary. Some networks may support SMS services via a PS domain nonaccess stratum (NAS) layer. However, other networks may not supportthis. Therefore, a subscription intended for PS-only service provisionmay allow also for SMS services via CS domain to provide a UE with SMSservices in situations when the serving node or network do not supportSMS via PS domain NAS signaling.

A discussion of the SMS in SGSN architecture for SMS services will bedescribed below. Messaging used between the UE and the SGSN to implementthe SMS in SGSN architecture will be provided. A discussion of the SMSin MME architecture will follow.

FIG. 1 provides an example of a GPRS Logical Architecture when based onS4/S5/S8 interfaces. The architecture is described in the 3GPP TechnicalSpecification (TS) 23.060. One example is provided in 3GPP TS 23.060V11.1.0 (2012-03).

A GPRS Support Node (GSN) contains functionality used to support GPRSfunctionality for the GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) and/or theUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). In one Public LandMobile Network (PLMN), there may be more than one GSN.

The SGSN and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) functionalities may becombined in the same physical node, or they may reside in differentphysical nodes. The SGSN and the GGSN contain Internet Protocol (IP) orother (i.e. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)) routing functionality. TheSGSN and GGSN may be interconnected with IP routers.

The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is the node that is accessed by thepacket data network (PDN) after evaluation of the Packet Data Protocol(PDP) address. The GGSN contains routing information for PS-attachedusers. The routing information is used to tunnel N protocol data units(PDUs) to the UE's current point of attachment, i.e. the Serving GPRSSupport Node. The GGSN may request location information from the HomeLocation Register (HLR) via the optional Gc interface. The GGSN is thefirst point of PDN interconnection with a PLMN supporting GPRS (i.e. theGi reference point is supported by the GGSN). GGSN functionality iscommon for all types of RANs.

The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is the node that is serving the UE(i.e. mobile station (MS)). The SGSN supports GPRS for A/Gb mode (i.e.the Gb interface is supported by the SGSN) and/or Iu-mode (i.e. the Iuinterface is supported by the SGSN). At PS attach, the SGSN establishesa mobility management context containing information pertaining to e.g.mobility and security for the MS. At PDP Context Activation, the SGSNestablishes a PDP context, to be used for routing purposes, with theGGSN that the subscriber will be using. In Iu mode, the SGSN and RNC maybe interconnected with one or more IP routers.

In Gn/Gp mode and when the SGSN and the GGSN are in different PLMNs,they are interconnected via the Gp interface. The Gp interface providesthe functionality of the Gn interface, plus security functionalityrequired for inter-PLMN communication. The security functionality isbased on mutual agreements between operators.

In Gn/Gp mode, the SGSN interworks signaling on the Gn/Gp interface withIu/Gb interface signaling. In S4 mode, the SGSN interworks signaling onthe S4 interface with Iu/Gb interface signaling. One SGSN may have someUEs using Gn/Gp mode and other UEs using S4 mode.

The SGSN may send location information to the MSC/VLR via the optionalGs interface. The SGSN may receive paging requests from the MSC/VLR viathe Gs interface.

The SGs interface can connect databases in the VLR and the MME. The SGsis also used to convey some circuit switched related procedures via theMME. The basis for the interworking between a VLR and an MME is theexistence of an SGs association between those entities per UE. The SGsassociation is applicable to UEs which are configured to use CS fallbackand SMS over SGs, or SMS over SGs only. The SGs association is notapplicable if the subscriber data indicates that the subscription is forpacket switched (PS) communication only. The SGs association is also notapplicable if the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) signals “SMS in MMESupport” capability and the MME determines that SMS service is to beprovided using the SMS in MME feature.

The SGSN interfaces with the GSM-SCF for optional Customized Applicationfor Mobile Enhanced network Logic (CAMEL) control using the Ge referencepoint. Depending on the result from the CAMEL interaction, the sessionand packet data transfer may proceed normally. Otherwise, interactionwith the GSM-SCF continues as described in TS 23.078.

The functionality of the Serving Gateway is defined in 3GPP TS 23.401with the following additions and exceptions: The Serving Gateway canterminate the user plane interface towards the UTRAN when the DirectTunnel feature is in use. The Serving Gateway is the local MobilityAnchor point for the Serving Radio Network Subsystem (SRNS) relocationwhen the Direct Tunnel feature is in use. The Serving Gateway can alsobe the local Mobility Anchor for an inter-SGSN routing area update.

SMS in SGSN Architecture

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the SMS inSGSN can be performed as follows. An indication can be added where theSGSN indicates to the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) in the Attach/RoutingArea Update (RAU) procedures that it offers SMS in SGSN using the Gdinterface. Subscription data information can be added for“PS-and-SMS-only” subscriptions. The SGSN identity can be registered forterminating SMS services. When this occurs, the HLR, operating on theHSS, can cancel any registered MSC. These operations align the behaviorof the HLR/HSS for SGSN and MME. The handshaking of SMS support betweenthe HSS and the SGSN (in both directions) can be based on existingTeleservice List parameters in the Gr MAP and S6d Diameter protocols.The Inter-SGSN RAU procedure can be updated to provide the same supportfor “SMS in SGSN” as the combined GPRS Attach/RAU procedures. Aclarification about the “SMS-Supported” indication to the MS can beadded in the GPRS Attach Procedure.

The SGSN can indicate that it offers SMS services via the PS domain(i.e. Gd) to the HSS by an indication “SMS in SGSN offered” in thesignaling with the HSS during the Attach/RAU procedure. When thesubscription information indicates “PS and SMS only” the HSS can respondto queries from SMS-Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) and SMSrouters so that Mobile Terminated (MT) SMS gets routed to serving nodesin the PS domain when SMS via the PS domain are offered by these servingnodes.

A CS/PS enabled UE that needs only PS domain services and SMS servicesover a Non Access Stratum (NAS) layer indicates this capability as“SMS-only” to the SGSN during combined Attach/RAU procedures, i.e. theincluded CS registration is only requested for obtaining SMS servicesover NAS. The term “SMS services over NAS” refers to the signaling thatoccurs through the NAS layer in the network to provide PS based SMSservices. The term “SMS services over NAS” can also be referred to asSMS via GPRS.

Based on the UE provided information (i.e. the SMS-only indication tothe SGSN) and when the HSS provided subscription information indicates“SMS in SGSN Support” and the SGSN supports SMS services over NAS, theSGSN can then determine to not establish an association with an MSC whenrequested by the UE in the combined Attach/RAU procedures.

The SGSN can forward the capability indicated by the UE as an “SMS-only”indication in the Location Update procedure to the HSS. If the HSS hasan old serving MSC registered, the HSS can cancel the serving MSC for aUE that indicates “SMS-only” and subscribes to SMS services if both theSGSN and the HSS supports SMS in SGSN (i.e. the SGSN has indicated “SMSin SGSN offered” and the HSS supports SMS in SGSN). As only the SGSN isregistered for MT SMS, the HSS can then respond to queries fromSMS-GMSCs and SMS routers so that MT SMS is routed to serving node(s) inthe PS domain.

In one embodiment, a UE can identify a type of PS-only serviceprovisioning. A PS-only-enforced provisioning message sent from a UE toan SGSN indicates that the SGSN shall not perform any combined mobilitymanagement (MM) procedures for the UE and shall not establish a Gsassociation. In the PS-only-enforced, the network will not connect theUE to a CS domain. However, if the UE enters a network that does notsupport SMS services via a PS domain, then the UE won't receive any SMSmessages while located within the network's coverage area.

Accordingly, an additional PS-only service is the PS-only-enabledservice. A UE can send a PS-only-enabled message to the SGSN, whichindicates to the SGSN that the UE's home Public Land Mobile Network(hPLMN) is able and willing to provide SMS services via the PS domain.If the UE indicates its capability during a combined attach/RAUprocedure (i.e. the included CS registration is only requested forobtaining PS based SMS services), then the SGSN does not establishassociation with the MSC.

SMS in MME Architecture

FIG. 2 provides an illustration of an MME architecture configured toprovide PS based SMS services. The MME is in communication with the HSSvia an S6a interface, which is a Diameter based interface that isenhanced with SMS support. A new direct “E” interface exists between theMME and SMS central functions, such as SMS router, SMS-Gateway MobileSwitching Center (GMSC) and SMS-Inter Working Mobile Switching Center(IWMSC). The E interface can be either a MAP or Diameter based protocol.

Mobile Application Part (MAP) is an SS7 protocol which provides anapplication layer for the various nodes in GSM and UMTS mobile corenetworks and GPRS core networks to communicate with each other in orderto provide services to mobile phone users. The Mobile Application Partis the application-layer protocol used to access the Home LocationRegister, Visitor Location Register, Mobile Switching Center, EquipmentIdentity Register, Authentication Centre, Short message service centerand Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN).

The SGs interface can be used to relay SMS messages between the MME andVLR. The SMS-Switching Center (SC) may be integrated with theSMS-GMSC/SMS_IWMSC. The interface between the HSS and SMS centralfunctions (SMS_IWMSC and SMS-GMSC, SMS-router) can be Diameter or a MAPC interface. There is a Diameter E interface between the MME and SMScentral functions.

The use of the SMS in MME architecture is for SMS services only. Thisfunctionality may not trigger any CS fallback and does not require anSGs. In addition, to provide SMS in MME, the MME can be configured toprovide the following: SMS procedures between the UE and the MME caninclude support for the Short Message Control (SMC) and Short MessageRelay (SMR) functions.

In one embodiment, the MME can be configured to support the combinedEPS/IMSI procedures for “SMS-only” and in these: provide anon-broadcasted Location Area Identity (LAI) that is not associated withany Visitor Location Register (VLR). If needed, the MME can provide areserved TMSI that is configured such that it cannot cause anyambiguities with other TMSIs. For instance, when the UE changes to anarea where it needs to derive SMS services from a GERAN/UTRAN MSC. TheMME can indicate in the Attach/RAU Accept message that the IMSI attachis for “SMS-only”. The MME can notify the HSS that it is capable of SMStransfer without the need of establishing an SGs association with anMSC. The MME can obtain SMS related subscription information.

If the UE performs a combined GPRS attach/RAU procedure with “SMS-only”indication, the MME/SGSN can forward the “SMS-only” indication in thelocation update procedure to the HSS. The HSS can allow an operator toconfigure a subscription that is limited to only PS services and SMSservices. This limitation is indicated in the PS subscription data as“PS and SMS only”.

In order to setup a GERAN/UTRAN wireless communication system to providePS based SMS, a UE can indicate its request for SMS services to theSGSN. The UE can communicate its PS-only capability to the SGSN. Thiscan involve sending a message that the UE only requests CS registrationto receive SMS services, but is capable of supporting PS based SMS. Oneway of communicating this message from the UE to the GPRS is by alteringan Attach Request message. The Attach Request message is defined insection 9.4.1 of 3GPP TS 24.008. One example of a released version ofthe TS 24.008 is shown in 3GPP TS 24.008 V11.4.0 (2012-09).

The Attach Request message is sent by the UE to the network in order toperform an attach procedure with the network. An example of an AttachRequest message for a GPRS attach is illustrated in FIG. 3 in a tableformat. The table includes information including the Information ElementIdentifier (IEI), the name of the Information Element (IE), the type ofIE and a reference to the IE in the 3GPP TS 24.008, along with thepresence, format, and length of each IE in the Attach Request message.It should be noted that the Attach Request message for GPRS is differentthan the Attach Request message for an EPS, which is defined in 3GPP TS24.301.

In accordance with one embodiment, the UE can include additionalinformation in one of the IEs communicated in the Attach Requestmessage. Alternatively, an additional IE can be included in the AttachRequest message. The additional IE may be included if the UE requests“SMS only” or if the UE supports PS based SMS and does CS registrationonly to receive SMS service via the CS domain. Several different typesof IE can be used to communicate this message from the UE to the SGSN.Five different examples are provided herein. These examples are notintended to be limiting. Any means may be used to communicate thismessage from the UE to the SGSN. The examples below are labeled SolutionA through Solution E.

Solution A

In this solution, a new IE Additional Update Type is added to the AttachRequest message. The format of the Additional Update Type IE is providedin the proceeding paragraphs.

The purpose of the additional update type IE is to provide informationregarding the UE's PS-only capability to the network. This informs thenetwork of the UE's intent to request CS registration only for obtainingSMS service via the CS domain. In one embodiment, if the MS initiates acombined GPRS attach procedure for GPRS services and “SMS-only service”,the MS can indicate “SMS only” in the Additional update type IE. TheAdditional Update Type IE is a type 1 information element. TheAdditional Update Type IE can be coded as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

TABLE 1 Additional Update Type information element 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Additional update type 0 0 0 PSSS octet 1 IEI Spare Spare Spare

TABLE 2 Additional Update Type information element PS based SMS Support(PSSS) (octet 1) Bit 1 0 MS does not support PS based SMS 1 MS supportsPS based SMS Bit 1 set to 1 indicates MS support PS based SMS and CSregistration is only to receive SMS service Bits 4 to 2 of octet 1 arespare and shall be all coded as zero.

As shown in Table 2 above, Bit 1 in octet 1 can be a PS based SMSSupport (PSSS) message. In this example, a Bit value of 0 provides themessage that the MS does not support PS based SMS. A Bit value of 1provides the message that the MS supports PS based SMS and does CSregistration only to receive SMS service. The IE illustrated in Table 1and 2 can be included in the Attach Request message shown in FIG. 3. Inone embodiment, the MS can include this IE if the MS initiates acombined GPRS attach procedure for GPRS services and “SMS-only service”.In another embodiment, the MS can include this IE if the MS supports PSbased SMS. The IE can be used to indicate the PS-only capability of theMS to the network.

Solution B

In this solution one spare bit of the MS Network Feature Support IE ofthe Attach Request message is used to indicate a UE PS-only capabilityto the network; i.e. that the UE intent to request CS registration onlyfor obtaining SMS services.

In accordance with one embodiment, the MS Network Feature Support IE,which is defined in section 9.9.3.20A of 3GPP TS 24.301 and section10.5.1.15 of 3GPP TS 24.008, can be configured to include a PS based SMSSupport message, as follows.

TABLE 3 MS Network Feature Support information element 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1MS network feature support 0 0 PSSS extended octet 1 IEI Spare Spareperiodic timers

TABLE 4 MS Network Feature Support information element Extended periodictimers (octet 1) Bit 1 0 MS does not support the extended periodic timerin this domain 1 MS supports the extended periodic timer in this domainThe relevant extended periodic timer is T3212 for Mobility Management(MM) messages, T3312 for GPRS MM (GMM) messages, and T3412 for EPS MM(EMM) messages. PS based SMS Support (PSSS) (octet 1) Bit 2 0 MS doesnot support PS based SMS 1 MS supports PS based SMS Bit 2 set to 1indicates MS support PS based SMS and CS registration is only to receiveSMS service Bits 4 and 3 of octet 1 are spare and shall be coded aszero.

As illustrated in Tables 3 and 4, Bit 2 in octet 1 can be a PS based SMSSupport (PSSS) message in the MS network feature support IE. In thisexample, a Bit value of 0 provides the message that the MS does notsupport PS based SMS. A Bit value of 1 provides the message that the MSsupports PS based SMS and does CS registration only to receive SMSservice. The IE illustrated in Table 3, 4 can be included in the AttachRequest message shown in FIG. 3.

Solution C

In this solution, one spare bit of the UE Network Capability IE of theATTACH REQUEST message is used to indicate UE PS-only capability to thenetwork; i.e. the UE's intent to request CS registration only forobtaining SMS based service.

In accordance with one embodiment, the UE Network Capability IE, whichis defined in section 9.9.3.34 of 3GPP TS 24.301, can be configured toinclude a PS based SMS Support message. The mapping of the UE NetworkCapability IE is shown in Table 5. A portion of the UE Networkcapability IE information is shown in Table 6.

TABLE 5 UE Network Capability information element 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 UEnetwork capability IEI octet 1 Length of UE network capability contentsoctet 2 EEA0 128- 128- 128- EEA4 EEA5 EEA6 EEA7 octet 3 EEA1 EEA2 EEA3EIA0 128- 128- 128- EIA4 EIA5 EIA6 EIA7 octet 4 EIA1 EIA2 EIA3 UEA0 UEA1UEA2 UEA3 UEA4 UEA5 UEA6 UEA7 octet 5* UCS2 UIA1 UIA2 UIA3 UIA4 UIA5UIA6 UIA7 octet 6* 0 PSSS H.245- ACC- LPP LCS 1xSR NF octet 7* spare ASHCSFB VCC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spare octet 8*-15*

TABLE 6 UE Network Capability information element PS based SMS Support(PSSS) (octet 7, bit 7) 0 MS does not support PS based SMS 1 MS supportsPS Based SMS Bit 7 set to 1 indicates MS support PS based SMS and CSregistration is only to receive SMS service All other bits in octet 8 to15 are spare and shall be coded as zero, if the respective octet isincluded in the information element.

As illustrated in Tables 5 and 6, Bit 7 in octet 7 can be a PS based SMSSupport (PSSS) message in the UE Network Capability IE. In this example,a Bit value of 0 provides the message that the MS does not support PSbased SMS. A Bit value of 1 provides the message that the MS supports PSbased SMS and does CS registration only to receive SMS. The IEillustrated in Table 5 and 6 can be included in the Attach Requestmessage shown in FIG. 3.

Solution D

In this solution one spare bit of EPS Attach Type IE of ATTACH REQUESTis used to indicate UE PS-only capability to the network i.e. the UE'sintent to request CS registration only for obtaining SMS based service.

In accordance with one embodiment, the EPS Attach Type IE, which isdefined in section 9.9.3.11 of 3GPP TS 24.301 and in section 10.5.5.2 ofTS 24.008, can be configured to include a PS based SMS Support message,as follows.

TABLE 7 EPS Attach Type information element 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Attach typeIEI FOR Type of Attach octet 1

TABLE 8 EPS Attach Type information element Type of attach (octet 1, bit1 to 3) Bits 3 2 1 0 0 1 GPRS attach 0 1 0 Not used. This value wasallocated in earlier versions of the protocol (Note1) 0 1 1 CombinedGPRS/IMSI attach 1 0 0 Emergency attach 1 0 1 GPRS Attach + SMS-onlyGPRS Attach + SMS-only indicates MS support PS based SMS and CSregistration is only to receive SMS service All other values areinterpreted as GPRS attach in this version of the protocol. Follow-onrequest (octet 1, bit 4) Bits 4 0 No follow-on request pending 1Follow-on request pending Follow-on request pending is applicable onlyin lu mode. (NOTE 1): The code point “010” if received by the network,it shall be interpreted as “Combined GPRS/IMSI attach”.

As illustrated in Tables 7 and 8, a bit value of 101 in bits 1 to 3 ofoctet 1 provides the message that a GPRS attach+SMS-only, whichindicates that the MS supports PS based SMS and CS registration isperformed only to receive SMS service. The IE illustrated in Table 7 and8 can be included in the Attach Request message shown in FIG. 3.

Solution E

In this solution, an existing IE MS Network Capability in the ATTACHREQUEST message can be extended to indicate a MS PS-only capability tothe network; i.e. the MS's intent to request CS registration only forobtaining SMS based service.

In accordance with one embodiment, the MS Network Capability IE, whichis defined in section 10.5.5.12 of 3GPP TS 24.008, can be configured toinclude a PS based SMS Support message, as follows

TABLE 9 MS Network Capability information element . . . PS based SMSSupport (PSSS) 0 MS does not support PS based SMS 1 MS supports PS basedSMS

As illustrated in Table 9, a selected bit in a selected octet of the IEcan be a PS based SMS Support (PSSS) message. In this example, a Bitvalue of 0 provides the message that the MS does not support PS basedSMS. A Bit value of 1 provides the message that the MS supports PS basedSMS and does CS registration only to receive SMS service via the CSdomain. The MS Network Capability IE is specified in section 10.5.5.12of 3GPP TS 24.008. The IE illustrated in Table 9 can be included in theAttach Request message shown in FIG. 3.

While several examples have been provided to illustrate communicationfrom the UE to the 3GPP network to communicate the UE's ability toperform PS based SMS support via the Attach Request message, this is notintended to be limiting. There are also additional ways in which thisinformation could be communicated.

For example, enhancements, similar to those shown in Solutions A-E, canbe made to the Routing Area Update (RAU) Request message described in3GPP TS 24.008. One example of an RAU Request message is provided inFIG. 4. The enhancements to the RAU Request message can be used tocommunicate the MS's ability to perform PS based SMS support to thenetwork. The message can be used to either request an update of the MS'slocation file or to request an IMSI attach for non-GPRS services.

Several different types of IE can be used to communicate information inthe RAU Request message from the UE to the SGSN. Four different examplesare provided herein. These examples are not intended to be limiting. Anymeans may be used to communicate this message from the UE to the SGSN.The examples below are labeled Solution A through Solution D.

RAU Request Support Solution A

In this solution, a new Additional Update Type IE is added to the RAURequest message. The purpose of the Additional Update Type IE is toprovide UE PS-only capability to the network, enabling the network to beaware of the UE's intent to request CS registration only for obtainingSMS service via the CS domain. In one embodiment, if the MS initiatesthe combined routing area updating procedure for GPRS services and“SMS-only service”, the MS can indicate “SMS only” in the additionalupdate type IE.

The format of the Additional Update Type IE is shown in Tables 1 and 2,as previously described. The same format can be used to communicate theIE in the RAU Request message.

Solution B

In this solution, an existing MS Network Capability IE in the RAURequest message is extended to indicate UE PS-only capability to thenetwork. This enables the network to be aware of the UE's intent torequest CS registration only for obtaining SMS service via the CSdomain.

In accordance with one embodiment, the MS Network Capability IE, whichis defined in section 10.5.5.12 of 3GPP TS 24.008, can be configured toinclude a PS based SMS Support message, as follows

TABLE 10 MS Network Capability information element . . . PS based SMSSupport (PSSS) 0 MS does not support PS based SMS 1 MS supports PS basedSMS

As illustrated in Table 10, a selected bit in a selected octet of the IEcan be a PS based SMS Support (PSSS) message. In this example, a Bitvalue of 0 provides the message that the MS does not support PS basedSMS. A Bit value of 1 provides the message that the MS supports PS basedSMS and does CS registration only to receive SMS service via the CSdomain. The IE illustrated in Table 10 can be included in the RAURequest message shown in FIG. 4.

Solution C

In this solution, one spare bit of the UE Network Capability IE of theRAU Request message is used to indicate UE PS-only capability to thenetwork. This enables the network to be aware of the UE's intent torequest CS registration only for obtaining SMS service via the CSdomain. The changes to the UE Network Capability IE can be the same asthose previously shown and described in Tables 5 and 6 of Solution C inthe preceding paragraphs.

Solution D

In this solution, one spare bit of the Update Type IE of the RAU Requestmessage is used to indicate the UE PS-only capability to the network.This enables the network to be aware of the UE's intent to request CSregistration only for obtaining SMS service via the CS domain.

In accordance with one embodiment, the Update Type IE, which is definedin section 10.5.5.18 of 3GPP TS 24.008 can be configured to include a PSbased SMS Support message, as follows.

TABLE 11 Update Type information element 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Update type FORSMS Update Type octet 1 IEI Only value

TABLE 12 Update Type information element Update type value (octet 1, bit1 to 3) Bits 2 1 0 0 RA updating 0 1 combined RA/LA updating 1 0combined RA/LA updating with IMSI attach 1 1 Periodic updating SMS Only(octet 1, bit 3) Bit 3 0 MS does not support PS based SMS 1 MS supportsPS based SMS Follow-on request (octet 1, bit 4) Bit 4 0 No follow-onrequest pending 1 Follow-on request pending Follow-on request pending isapplicable only in lu mode.

As illustrated in Tables 11 and 12, a bit value of 0 in Bit 3 of octet 1provides the message that the MS does not support PS based SMS. A bitvalue of 1 provides the message that the MS supports PS based SMS. TheIE illustrated in Table 11 and 12 can be included in the RAU Requestmessage shown in FIG. 4.

3GPP Network Messaging

In order for a 2G/3G wireless network to provide PS based SMS support,the network can support SMS communication over the Non Access Stratum(NAS) layer. The network can provide an indication to a UE/MS if SMSover NAS is supported by the SGSN.

In addition, in a GSM network, when an MS is switched on, theInternational Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) attach procedure isexecuted. This procedure is used to connect the MS with the MobileSwitching Center (MSC) and Visitor Location Register (VLR) to registerthe MS in the network. With the ability to perform PS based SMS, anMS/UE may no longer need to connect with the MSC. Accordingly, an IMSIattach procedure is not needed. When the network is informed that an MSsupports PS based SMS support, the network can then reject any IMSIattach request. The network can send an indication to the UE that theIMSI attach was rejected due to the PS-only service provisioning basedon the UE capability and therefore, the UE shall not imitate any CSrelated procedures.

To accomplish this, an SGSN network feature supported IE in the AttachAccept message defined in the 3GPP TS 24.008 specification can beenhanced to include additional information. An example of the AttachAccept message is provided in FIG. 5. A proposed solution, referred toas Solution A, is provided in the proceeding paragraphs. This example isnot intended to be limiting. A variety of messaging means may be used toallow the 3GPP network to communicate with the MS to identify thenetwork's ability to perform SMS via GPRS, which is also referred to asSMS over NAS.

Solution A

In this solution, if an SGSN supports SMS over NAS then it can indicatethe support to the UE in the Attach Accept message using a new ExtendedNetwork Feature Support IE. One example format of the new IE in theAttach Accept message is provided below.

The Extended Network Feature Support IE is to indicate whether certainfeatures are supported by the network. The EPS Extended Network FeatureSupport IE can be coded as shown in Tables 13 and 14.

TABLE 13 EPS Extended Network Feature Support information element 8 7 65 4 3 2 1 Extended Network feature support 0 0 0 PSSS octet 1 IEI SpareSpare Spare

TABLE 14 EPS Extended Network Feature Support information element PSbased SMS Support (PSSS) (octet 1) Bit 1 0 SMS over NAS not supported 1SMS over NAS supported Bit 1 set to 1 indicates SMS over NAS issupported by SGSN Bits 4 to 2 of octet 1 are spare and shall be allcoded as zero.

As illustrated in Tables 13 and 14, Bit 1 in octet 1 can be a PS basedSMS Support (PSSS) message in the Extended Network Support IE. In thisexample, a Bit value of 0 provides the message that the SMS over NAS isnot supported by the SGSN. A Bit value of 1 provides the message thatSMS over NAS is supported by the SGSN. The IE illustrated in Table 13and 14 can be included in the Attach Accept message communicated fromthe SGSN to the MS. In one embodiment, the network can use the ExtendedNetwork Support IE in order to inform the MS about the support ofspecific features, such as the delivery of SMS via GPRS. The MS may usethe GPRS-SMS indication in the Attach Request in order to obtain SMS. Ifthe network supports delivery of SMS via GPRS and this delivery isenabled, then the network can include the Extended Network Support IE inthe Attach Accept message illustrated in FIG. 5 and set a GPRS-SMSindicator.

While an example has been provided to illustrate communication from theEPS to the UE to communicate the network's ability to perform PS basedSMS support via the Attach Accept message, this is not intended to belimiting. There are also additional ways in which this information canbe communicated.

RAU Accept Message

For example, enhancements, similar to those shown in Solution A can bemade to the Routing Area Update Accept Message described in section9.4.15 of 3GPP TS 24.008. The RAU Update Accept message can be used bythe network to indicate if SMS over NAS is supported by the SGSN. Italso indicates that IMSI attach was rejected due to PS-Only serviceprovisioning based on UE capability and therefore the UE will notimitate any CS related procedures. The following enhancements can bemade to the RAU Accept message in TS 24.008.

The RAU accept message is sent by the network to the MS to provide theMS with GPRS mobility management related data in response to the RAUrequest message. Table 9.4.15/3GPP of TS 24.008 provides an example. Anexample is also provided in FIG. 6. The RAU Accept message illustratedin FIG. 6 includes a plurality of IEIs, the type of each IEI listed, anda reference for the IEI to 3GPP TS 24.008. The presence, format, andlength of each IEI is also listed, as can be appreciated.

If the SGSN supports the SMS over NAS feature, then it can be indicatedusing the RAU Accept message. One proposed solution, referred to asSolution A, is provided in the proceeding paragraphs. This example isnot intended to be limiting. A variety of messaging means, including IEslisted in the RAU Accept message of FIG. 6 may be used to allow the 3GPPnetwork to communicate with the MS to identify the network's ability toperform SMS via GPRS, also referred to as SMS over NAS. In addition,newly defined IEs communicated using the RAU Accept message may also beused to communicate the network's ability to perform SMS via GPRS.

Solution A

If the SGSN supports the SMS over NAS feature then it can be indicatedto the UE in the RAU accept message using a new Extended Network FeatureSupported IE. The format of the new Extended Network Feature SupportedIE in the RAU Accept message can be the same as that described withrespect to Tables 13 and 14 above. The network can also use the ExtendedNetwork Feature Supported IE in order to inform the MS about the supportof specific features such as the delivery of SMS via GPRS (GPRS-SMS) orimplicitly by not sending it. The MS may use the GPRS-SMS indication inorder to obtain SMS.

GMM Cause Value

An MS can perform a combined attach to attach for both GPRS services andnon-GPRS services, such as a CS attach to an MSC. In one embodiment,when an MS requests a combined attach, while indicating support for PSbased SMS, and the network also supports SMS over NAS (i.e. SMS viaGPRS), the network can send a message to the UE indicating that theconnection to the MSC was not performed because it was not needed sinceboth the MS and network support PS based SMS. This can be accomplishedusing a GPRS mobility management message (GMM) as described in theproceeding paragraphs. Any number of different GMM codes may be used.

In addition to the PSSS message from the SGSN to the MS, a GPRS mobilitymanagement (GMM) message can be communicated from the SGSN to the MS.The GMM message may be communicated in an IE. The purpose of the GMMcause IE is to indicate the reason why a GMM request from the MS Isrejected by the network. If an MS indicates its support for PS-onlyinside the Attach Request message, and if the network supports SMS overGs (SMS over NAS) and PS-only subscription provisioning is set toPS-only-enforced or PS-only-Enabled, it will reject the IMSI attach bysending a new GMM cause value.

In this case, the GMM cause IE can be used to identify that aninternational mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) attach is rejected as PSonly is supported and the SGSN network supports SMS over the NAS.Accordingly, no IMSI attach is necessary, as previously discussed. TheGMM cause IE is a type 3 IE with 2 octets length. The GMM cause value isdefined in section 10.5.5.14 of 3GPP TS 24.008. One example of a new GMMcause value is shown in Table 15 and in FIG. 7.

TABLE 15 GMM cause information element 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GMM cause IEIoctet 1 Cause value octet 2

As shown in FIG. 7, when bits 1 to 8 have a value of 01110000,respectively, (Cause value=112) then the IMSI attach is rejected asPS-only-Enabled. This cause is sent to the MS if the MS requestsservices that require the SGSN to perform combined MM procedures for theMS and to establish a Gs association. A cause code “IMSI attach rejectedas PS-only-Enabled” can be communicated. When bits 1 to 8 have a valueof 01110001, respectively, (Cause value=113) then the IMSI attach isrejected as PS-only-Enforced and the network supports SMS over Gs (NAS).This cause is sent to the MS if the MS requests SMS services that theHPLMN of the MS is not able and willing to provide via the PS domain.When this occurs, then the cause code “IMSI attach rejected asPS-only-Enforced and network supports SMS over Gs (NAS)” is provided, asshown in FIG. 7. While GMM cause codes 112 and 113 have been provided asexamples, they are not intended to be limiting. Substantially any typeof GMM cause code can be used to convey information from the network tothe MS that explains that a non-GPRS attachment is not performed becauseSMS via GPRS can be accomplished at both the MS and the network.

In another example embodiment, a method 800 for performing PacketService (PS) only service provisioning in a wireless network isdisclosed, as depicted in the flow chart of FIG. 8. The method comprisesreceiving, at a general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN),a request message from a user equipment (UE) indicating a PS-onlycapability of the UE, as shown in block 810; and sending, from the SGSN,an accept message to the UE indicating whether SMS over a non-accessstratum (NAS) is supported by the SGSN, as shown in block 820. Therequest message can be an attach request message or a routing areaupdate request message. Similarly, the accept message can be an attachaccept message or a routing area accept message.

The method 800 can further comprise indicating in an attach acceptmessage or a routing area update accept message that an internationalmobile subscriber identity (IMSI) attach is only for SMS. A GRPSmobility management (GMM) message can be sent from the SGSSN to the UE.The GMM message can identify that an international mobile subscriberidentity (IMSI) attach is rejected as PS only is supported and the GPRSnetwork supports SMS over the NAS. The GMM message can be sent in one ofan attach accept message and a routing area update accept message.

The method 800 can further comprise receiving an attach request messageor a routing area update request message, wherein the attach requestmessage or the routing area update request message comprises aninformation element (IE) having a selected bit set to indicate if the UEsupports PS based SMS and performs the CS registration only to receiveSMS service via the CS domain. The request message may be received fromthe UE in an Additional Update Type information element that iscontained in one of the attach accept message and the routing areaupdate accept message.

The method 800 can further comprise sending the attach accept message orthe routing area update accept message to the UE, wherein the attachaccept message or the routing area update accept message comprises an(IE) using a selected bit in the IE to identify if SMS over NAS issupported or is not supported by the SGSN network.

In another embodiment, a method 900 for adapting a wireless network forpacket switched (PS) communication of a short message service (SMS)message is described, as depicted in the flow chart of FIG. 9. Themethod comprises transmitting a request message from a user equipment(UE) to a serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node(SGSN) indicating that the UE supports packet switched (PS) based shortmessage service (SMS) and performs a circuit switched (CS) registrationonly to receive CS based SMS service, as shown in block 910; andreceiving, at the UE, an accept message from the SGSN indicating thatSMS over a non-access stratum (NAS) is supported by the SGSN, as shownin block 920.

The method 900 can further comprise transmitting the request message,wherein the request message is one of an attach request message and arouting area update request message. An additional operation can includesending, from the SGSN, a GPRS mobility management (GMM) messageidentifying a cause code that an international mobile subscriberidentity (IMSI) attach is rejected as PS only is supported and the SGSNnetwork supports SMS over the NAS.

The operation of transmitting the request message in the method 900 canfurther comprise transmitting an attach request message or a routingarea update request message, wherein the attach request message or therouting area update request message comprises an information element(IE) having a selected bit set to indicate if the UE supports PS basedSMS and performs the CS registration only to receive SMS service via theCS domain. The information element can be an additional update typeinformation element that is communicated from the UE to the SGSN in oneof the attach request message or the routing area update requestmessage.

The operation of receiving the accept message at the UE from the SGSN,in the method 900, can further comprise receiving an attach acceptmessage or a routing area update accept message at the UE, wherein theattach accept message or the routing area update accept messagecomprises an (IE) using a selected bit in the IE to identify if SMS overNAS is supported or is not supported by the SGSN network.

FIG. 10 provides an example illustration of a mobile device, such as auser equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, amobile communication device, a tablet, a handset, or other type ofmobile wireless device. The mobile device can include one or moreantennas configured to communicate with a base station (BS), an evolvedNode B (eNB), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) accesspoint. The mobile device can be configured to communicate using at leastone wireless communication standard including 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, HighSpeed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The mobile device cancommunicate using separate antennas for each wireless communicationstandard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communicationstandards. The mobile device can communicate in a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or awireless wide area network (WWAN).

In another embodiment, a serving general packet radio service (GPRS)support node (SGSN) configured to communicate with a user equipment (UE)adapted for packet switched (PS) communication of a short messageservice (SMS) message is disclosed. The SGSN comprises a PS supportmodule operable at the SGSN, as shown in FIG. 2. The PS support moduleis configured to: receive a request message from a UE indicating thatthe UE supports PS based SMS and performs a circuit switched (CS)registration only to receive SMS service via a CS domain; and send anaccept message to the UE indicating that SMS over a non-access stratum(NAS) is supported by the SGSN. The request message can be one of anattach request message and a routing area update request message. Theaccept message can be one of an attach accept message and a routing areaupdate accept message.

In one embodiment, the PS support module can be further configured totransmit a GPRS mobility management (GMM) message identifying a causecode that an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) attach isrejected as PS only is supported and the SGSN network supports SMS overthe NAS.

The operation of receiving the request message from the UE can furthercomprise receiving an attach request message or a routing area updaterequest message, wherein the attach request message or the routing areaupdate request message comprises an additional update type informationelement (IE) having a selected bit set to indicate if the UE supports PSbased SMS and performs the CS registration only to receive SMS servicevia the CS domain.

The operation of sending the accept message can further comprise sendingan attach accept message or a routing area update accept message to theUE, wherein the attach accept message or the routing area update acceptmessage comprises an (IE) using a selected bit in the IE to identify ifSMS over NAS is supported or is not supported by the SGSN network.

FIG. 10 provides an example illustration of a mobile device, such as auser equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, amobile communication device, a tablet, a handset, or other type ofmobile wireless device. The mobile device can include one or moreantennas configured to communicate with a base station (BS), an evolvedNode B (eNB), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) accesspoint. The mobile device can be configured to communicate using at leastone wireless communication standard including 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, HighSpeed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The mobile device cancommunicate using separate antennas for each wireless communicationstandard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communicationstandards. The mobile device can communicate in a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or awireless wide area network (WWAN).

FIG. 10 also provides an illustration of a microphone and one or morespeakers that can be used for audio input and output from the mobiledevice. The display screen may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen,or other type of display screen such as an organic light emitting diode(OLED) display. The display screen can be configured as a touch screen.The touch screen may use capacitive, resistive, or another type of touchscreen technology. An application processor and a graphics processor canbe coupled to internal memory to provide processing and displaycapabilities. A non-volatile memory port can also be used to providedata input/output options to a user. The non-volatile memory port mayalso be used to expand the memory capabilities of the mobile device. Akeyboard may be integrated with the mobile device or wirelesslyconnected to the mobile device to provide additional user input. Avirtual keyboard may also be provided using the touch screen.

It should be understood that many of the functional units described inthis specification have been labeled as modules, in order to moreparticularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, amodule may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom VLSIcircuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logicchips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module may also beimplemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmablegate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or thelike.

Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by varioustypes of processors. An identified module of executable code may, forinstance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computerinstructions, which may, for instance, be organized as an object,procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables of an identifiedmodule need not be physically located together, but may comprisedisparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joinedlogically together, comprise the module and achieve the stated purposefor the module.

Indeed, a module of executable code may be a single instruction, or manyinstructions, and may even be distributed over several different codesegments, among different programs, and across several memory devices.Similarly, operational data may be identified and illustrated hereinwithin modules, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organizedwithin any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may becollected as a single data set, or may be distributed over differentlocations including over different storage devices, and may exist, atleast partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network.The modules may be passive or active, including agents operable toperform desired functions.

Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take theform of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media,such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any othermachine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loadedinto and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomesan apparatus for practicing the various techniques. In the case ofprogram code execution on programmable computers, the computing devicemay include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor(including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), atleast one input device, and at least one output device. One or moreprograms that may implement or utilize the various techniques describedherein may use an application programming interface (API), reusablecontrols, and the like. Such programs may be implemented in a high levelprocedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with acomputer system. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assemblyor machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be acompiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardwareimplementations.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearancesof the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in variousplaces throughout this specification are not necessarily all referringto the same embodiment.

As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements, compositionalelements, and/or materials may be presented in a common list forconvenience. However, these lists should be construed as though eachmember of the list is individually identified as a separate and uniquemember. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as ade facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based ontheir presentation in a common group without indications to thecontrary. In addition, various embodiments and example of the presentinvention may be referred to herein along with alternatives for thevarious components thereof. It is understood that such embodiments,examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as defactoequivalents of one another, but are to be considered as separate andautonomous representations of the present invention.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics maybe combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In thefollowing description, numerous specific details are provided, such asexamples of materials, fasteners, sizes, lengths, widths, shapes, etc.,to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. Oneskilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the inventioncan be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or withother methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances,well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown ordescribed in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.

While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the principles of thepresent invention in one or more particular applications, it will beapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerousmodifications in form, usage and details of implementation can be madewithout the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing fromthe principles and concepts of the invention. Accordingly, it is notintended that the invention be limited, except as by the claims setforth below.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus of a mobile station (MS) operable tocommunicate with a packet switched (PS) based short messaging service(SMS) in a wireless network, the apparatus comprising: memory; and oneor more processors configured to: process, at the MS, a request messagefor transmission to a serving general packet radio service (GPRS)support node (SGSN), wherein the request message includes an informationelement (IE) that indicates whether the MS is configured to support thePS based SMS; and process, at the MS, an accept message received fromthe SGSN, wherein the accept message includes an IE that indicateswhether SMS via GPRS is supported by the wireless network.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to:send the request message to the SGSN; and receive the accept messagefrom the MS.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the request message isan attach request message.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein therequest message is a routing area update request message.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the accept message is an attach acceptmessage.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the accept message is arouting area accept message.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theaccept message includes a GPRS mobility management (GMM) message,wherein the GMM message includes a reason of a GMM request from the MSbeing rejected by the SGSN.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the MSincludes one or more of: a microphone, an audio speaker, a liquidcrystal display (LCD) screen, an organic light emitting display screen(OLED), a touch sensitive screen, or a non-volatile memory port.
 9. Atleast one machine readable storage medium having instructions embodiedthereon for communicating with a packet switched (PS) based shortmessaging service (SMS) in a wireless network, the instructions whenexecuted by one or more processors performs the following: processing,at a mobile station (MS), a request message for transmission to aserving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN), whereinthe request message includes an information element (1E) that indicateswhether the MS is configured to support the PS based SMS; andprocessing, at the MS, an accept message received from the SGSN, whereinthe accept message includes an IE having a bit to identify whether SMSvia GPRS is supported by the wireless network.
 10. The at least onemachine readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the request messageis an attach request message.
 11. The at least one machine readablestorage medium of claim 9, wherein the request message is a routing areaupdate request message.
 12. The at least one machine readable storagemedium of claim 9, wherein the accept message is an attach acceptmessage.
 13. The at least one machine readable storage medium of claim9, wherein the accept message is a routing area accept message.
 14. Theat least one machine readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein theaccept message received from the SGSN includes a GPRS mobilitymanagement (GMM) message, wherein the GMM message includes a reason of aGMM request from the MS being rejected by the SGSN.
 15. An apparatus ofa serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN)operable to perform short messaging service (SMS) only serviceprovisioning in a wireless network, the apparatus comprising: memory;and one or more processors configured to: process, at the SGSN, arequest message received from a mobile station (MS), wherein the requestmessage includes an information element (IE) that indicates whether theMS is configured to support packet switched (PS) based SMS; and process,at the SGSN, an accept message for transmission to the MS, wherein theaccept message includes an IE having a bit to identify whether SMS viaGPRS is supported by the wireless network.
 16. The apparatus of claim15, further comprising a transceiver configured to: receive the requestmessage from the MS; and transmit the accept message to the MS.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 15, wherein the request message is an attach requestmessage.
 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the request message is arouting area update request message.
 19. The apparatus of claim 15,wherein the accept message is an attach accept message.
 20. Theapparatus of claim 15, wherein the accept message is a routing areaaccept message.
 21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the acceptmessage includes a GPRS mobility management (GMM) message configured toindicate a reason of a GMM request from the MS being rejected by theSGSN.